赵惠贤、马猛等《Plant Biotechnology Journal》2024年

论文题目：Pleiotropic phenotypic effects of the TaCYP78A family on multiple yield-related traits in wheat

论文作者：Meng Ma1,2#*, Linnan Wu1#, Mengyao Li1#, Long Li3#, Lijian Guo1,4, Deyan Ka1, Tianxing Zhang5, Mengdie Zhou1, Baowei Wu1, Haixia Peng6, Zhaoxin Hu7, Xiangli Liu1, Ruilian Jing3*, Huixian Zhao1,2*

论文摘要：

Increasing crop yield depends on selecting and utilizing pleiotropic genes/alleles to improve multiple yield-related traits (YRTs) during crop breeding. However, synergistic improvement of YRTs is challenging due to the trade-offs between YRTs in breeding practices. Here, the favorable haplotypes of the TaCYP78A family are identified by analyzing allelic variations in 1571 wheat accessions worldwide, demonstrating the selection and utilization of pleiotropic genes to improve yield and related traits during wheat breeding. The TaCYP78A family members, including TaCYP78A3, TaCYP78A5, TaCYP78A16, and TaCYP78A17, are organ size regulators expressed in multiple organs, and their allelic variations associated with various YRTs. However, due to the trade-offs between YRTs, knockdown or overexpression of TaCYP78A family members does not directly increase yield. Favorable haplotypes of the TaCYP78A family, namely A3/5/16/17Ap-Hap II, optimize the expression levels of TaCYP78A3/5/16/17-A across different wheat organs to overcome trade-offs and improve multiple YRTs. Different favorable haplotypes have both complementary and specific functions in improving YRTs, and their aggregation in cultivars under strong artificial selection greatly increase yield, even under various planting environments and densities. These findings provide new support and valuable genetic resources for molecular breeding of wheat and other crops in the era of Breeding 4.0.

提高作物产量依赖于在作物育种过程中选择和利用多效的基因或等位基因来改良多个与产量相关的性状（YRTs）。然而，在育种实践中，由于YRTs之间的权衡，YRTs的协同改良仍具有挑战性。本文通过分析全球 1571 个小麦种质的等位变异，鉴定了TaCYP78A 家族的有利单倍型，展示了在小麦育种过程中选择和利用多效基因来改良产量和相关性状的方法。TaCYP78A家族成员包括TaCYP78A3、TaCYP78A5、TaCYP78A16和TaCYP78A17，它们是在多个器官中表达的器官大小调节因子，其等位基因变异与不同的YRTs相关。然而，由于 YRTs 之间的权衡，敲除或过表达 TaCYP78A 家族成员并不能直接提高小麦产量。TaCYP78A家族的优异单倍型，即A3/5/16/17Ap-Hap II，能够优化TaCYP78A3/5/16/17-A在不同小麦器官中的表达水平，从而克服了权衡问题并改善了多种YRTs。不同的优异单倍型在改善 YRTs 方面既有互补性，又有特异性，它们在强人工选择下聚集在栽培品种中，即使在不同的种植环境和密度下也能大大提高产量。这些发现为育种 4.0 时代的小麦和其他作物分子育种提供了新的支持和宝贵的遗传资源。

论文链接：https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pbi.14385。